Compound reference

SS-31 Dosage Guide 2026: Clinical Trials vs Reported Use

By the Decadewise team Education only Last updated 3 August 2026 13 cited sources

Short answer

A four-amino-acid peptide that binds cardiolipin: SS-31 is elamipretide, cleared by FDA as FORZINITY on 19 September 2025, and the label prints its sequence as D-Arg-2,6-dimethyl-Tyr-Lys-Phe-NH2.

One labeled figure, and it is a large one: the prescribing information specifies 40mg subcutaneously once daily in Barth syndrome for patients weighing at least 30kg, falling to 20mg once daily below an eGFR of 30 off dialysis.

The trials converged on that same number: 40mg a day under the skin in mitochondrial myopathy, Barth syndrome, heart failure and dry macular degeneration. Two exceptions exist, a per-kilogram intravenous arm and a 4mg heart-failure arm.

The figure circulating online is not that figure: the protocol pages ranking for this query put a longevity amount at 500mcg a day, one eightieth of what the label carries.

Why the reconstitution charts exist at all: the approved product is a ready-to-use solution at 80mg per mL, so it is never mixed with anything. Every water-volume chart online is describing a research vial instead.

The calculator

Four inputs, three outputs, no opinion in between: type the vial strength, the water, the barrel scale and whichever milligram figure you are checking, and the tool returns what that mix is worth per milliliter and per unit.

Units converter

Converts the numbers you type. It does not recommend a dose.

Vial amount mg Bacteriostatic water mL Syringe type Barrel size Amount you want to convert mg

Concentration5 mg per mL

Volume to drawenter a dose

Reads as

Arithmetic only. This is arithmetic on the numbers entered. It has no knowledge of any real vial, reconstitution, or syringe.

On this page

Short answer Calculator SS-31 dosage chart What the FDA label specifies How often, and how long Which route the trials used Reported use What does the research show? Where the 500mcg figure comes from Does SS-31 need reconstitution? How many units is 500mcg? What is not known yet? The safety picture How this page is sourced The disclaimer

SS-31 dosage chart: every published figure, with its route and population

One row per source, population printed beside the number: every SS-31 amount we could trace to an approved label, a peer-reviewed trial or a registry record, with the route and the group it was given to alongside it. There is no beginner row and no maintenance row, because no source publishes one.

Read the population column before the number: every subcutaneous figure below belongs to a disease trial, and the biggest of those trials missed both of its primary endpoints. An amount that was studied is not the same thing as an amount that worked.

One molecule, four names: SS-31, elamipretide, MTP-131 and FORZINITY all point at the same tetrapeptide. The 2023 GeroScience paper by Pharaoh and colleagues pairs the first two in its own title, the 2015 registry record for the myopathy trial is filed under MTP-131, and the label carries the four-residue sequence that sits behind every one of those names.

SS-31 peptide dosage chart, one row per source

Source	Amount given	Route	Population	Frequency and duration
FORZINITY label, section 2.1	40mg	Subcutaneous	Barth syndrome, at least 30kg	Once daily, no stop date given
FORZINITY label, section 2.2	20mg	Subcutaneous	Barth syndrome adults, eGFR under 30, not on dialysis	Once daily
Reid Thompson 2021, Genet Med (TAZPOWER)	40mg per day	Subcutaneous	12 subjects with Barth syndrome	12 weeks per arm, 4-week washout
Thompson 2024, Genet Med (TAZPOWER extension)	40mg per day	Subcutaneous	10 subjects, 8 of them to week 168	Daily, 168 weeks
Karaa 2018, Neurology (MMPOWER)	0.01, 0.1 and 0.25mg per kg per hour	Intravenous, 2-hour infusion	36 randomized with primary mitochondrial myopathy, 9 to each of the three rates and 9 to placebo	Escalating sequence over 5 days
Karaa 2020, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle (MMPOWER-2)	40mg per day	Subcutaneous	30 adults, primary mitochondrial myopathy	Daily, 4 weeks per arm
Karaa 2023, Neurology (MMPOWER-3)	40mg per day	Subcutaneous	218 adults randomized, 109 on drug	Daily, 24 weeks
Butler 2020, J Card Fail (PROGRESS-HF)	4mg or 40mg	Subcutaneous	71 adults with reduced ejection fraction randomized 1 to 1 to 1 to placebo, 4mg or 40mg	Once daily, 28 days
Mettu 2022, Ophthalmol Sci (ReCLAIM)	40mg per day	Subcutaneous	19 adults, dry macular degeneration	Daily, 24 weeks
Ehlers 2025, Ophthalmol Sci (ReCLAIM-2)	40mg per day	Subcutaneous	176 randomized, 117 on drug	Daily, 48 weeks
Roshanravan 2021, PLoS One	0.25mg per kg per hour	Intravenous, 2-hour infusion	39 adults aged 60 to 85 randomized, 19 on drug and 20 on placebo	One infusion, measured to day 7
NCT07275424, healthy aging pilot	No milligram value published	Subcutaneous	30 adults aged 65 to 80 planned	Daily, 4 weeks
Community protocol pages	500mcg described as standard, 1mg as advanced	Insulin syringe, per those pages	No study population	Varies by page

Sources: the FORZINITY prescribing information, sections 2.1 and 2.2, read from the DailyMed structured product label on 2 August 2026; Reid Thompson et al., Genet Med 2021 (PMID 33077895); Thompson et al., Genet Med 2024 (PMID 38602181), whose methods give "elamipretide 40 mg subcutaneous daily" for the extension; Karaa et al., Neurology 2018 (PMID 29500292), whose methods randomized participants to "intravenous elamipretide (0.01, 0.1, and 0.25 mg/kg/h or placebo for 2 hours in a dose-escalating sequence)"; Karaa et al., J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020 (PMID 32096613); Karaa et al., Neurology 2023 (PMID 37268435), whose methods randomized 1:1 to "24 weeks of elamipretide at a dose of 40 mg/d or placebo subcutaneously"; Butler et al., J Card Fail 2020 (PMID 32068002); Mettu et al., Ophthalmol Sci 2022 (PMID 36246181); Ehlers et al., Ophthalmol Sci 2025 (PMID 39605874); Roshanravan et al., PLoS One 2021 (PMID 34264994), whose methods state "ELAM was administered intravenously for 2 hours at 0.25 mg/kg body weight per hour" and whose Table 1 gives the two groups as "Placebo (n = 20)" and "Elamipretide (n = 19)"; ClinicalTrials.gov records NCT07275424 and NCT02367014, whose posted participant flow gives 9 subjects started in each of the four MMPOWER arms, read 2 August 2026. The final row is community convention recorded from the pages that rank for this query, and it is the only row here with no document behind it.

The conversion this page does not perform: the two per-kilogram figures above went in through a vein over two hours, and nothing on this page carries them across into a subcutaneous milligram amount. Absorption belongs to the route, and none of the sources listed at the bottom publishes that comparison.

The conversion this page does perform: milligrams into syringe units, further down. That one is division, and it holds for whatever figure goes into it and wherever the figure came from.

What dose does the FDA label specify for SS-31?

The number, and the population it belongs to: section 2.1 of the FORZINITY prescribing information reads that the recommended dosage in patients weighing at least 30kg is 40mg subcutaneously once daily, and that patients should receive it at the same time each day.

The single adjustment the label carries: Table 1 in section 2.2 keeps 40mg once daily at an eGFR of 30 mL per minute or above, and drops to 20mg once daily below 30 when the patient is not on dialysis. The label states outright that there is insufficient information to recommend a regimen for adults on dialysis, or for pediatric patients with renal impairment.

What the approved use actually covers: section 1 reads that FORZINITY "is indicated to improve muscle strength in adult and pediatric patients with Barth syndrome weighing at least 30 kg". That sentence is the entire indication. Aging, mitochondrial fitness and athletic recovery appear nowhere in it.

And the approval is provisional: the same section records that it was granted under accelerated approval on an improvement in knee extensor muscle strength, an intermediate clinical endpoint, with continued approval contingent on verification in a confirmatory trial. That trial, SPIBA-401, entered the registry in July 2026.

Where 40mg sits in the studied exposure range: section 12.3 reports that elamipretide exposure rises proportionally across a range of 2 to 80mg on daily subcutaneous injection with minimal accumulation, that absolute bioavailability by that route is approximately 92 percent, and that peak concentrations arrive between half an hour and one hour after the injection.

How often is SS-31 given, and how long does a course run?

Every human record says once a day: the label, the two Barth syndrome papers, the two subcutaneous myopathy trials, both eye trials and the heart failure trial all specify one injection under the skin per day. Twice weekly, alternate days and five-on-two-off appear in none of them.

The durations that exist in the record: 28 days in heart failure, 4 weeks per arm in MMPOWER-2, 12 weeks per arm in TAZPOWER, 24 weeks in MMPOWER-3 and in the first eye trial, 48 weeks in ReCLAIM-2, and 168 weeks in the Barth syndrome extension, where 8 of the 10 subjects who entered were still injecting daily at that mark.

No off period appears anywhere: the label sets no stop date and describes no break, and its only instruction about a gap is that a missed dose is skipped rather than doubled. The cycling blocks on the protocol pages have no counterpart in any trial protocol we read.

Time of day, per the label: section 2.1 asks for the same time each day and names no hour, which is the whole of what the document settles on timing.

What a frequency without a matching dose is worth: in this case the record is unusually complete on both. The gap is not between how often and how much, it is between the population studied and the population reading about it.

Which route did the SS-31 trials use?

Subcutaneous on the label and in every modern trial: section 2.3 directs the injection into the abdomen at least two inches from the navel, or into the outer thigh, with the site rotated daily. Section 12.3 reports comparable exposure from the thigh and from the abdomen.

Intravenous in the two per-kilogram studies: the 2018 dose-escalation trial randomized 36 adults with mitochondrial myopathy across four arms of 9, infusing elamipretide over two hours at 0.01, 0.1 or 0.25mg per kilogram per hour against placebo, and the 2021 study randomized 39 older adults, 19 of whom received a single two-hour infusion at the highest of those three rates. Neither one is a subcutaneous milligram figure and neither becomes one on this page.

Why route sits underneath the number rather than beside it: what reaches the bloodstream from a vein over two hours and what reaches it from the abdomen over the same period are different quantities, and only the second one has a label behind it. What the trial documents record about sites and rotation, and what they leave out, sits on the injection-sites page.

Community reports, not a protocol

What do users report running?

Nothing below came out of a trial: no study and no label carries an amount for a healthy person, so these figures were recorded from the protocol pages that rank for this query, and they have no other origin.

The posted amounts: the highest-ranking SS-31 protocol page labels 500mcg a day the community standard and 1mg the advanced tier, and attaches no citation to either.

The posted schedule: that same page describes five days on and two days off, inside an eight-weeks-on and eight-weeks-off block, again as community convention rather than as a finding.

The mix those pages are built around: a 10mg vial with 2mL of bacteriostatic water, which is where the "10 units" answer circulating for a 500mcg amount comes from. The division is correct. What it rests on is the number printed on the vial.

No control arm behind any of it: no comparison group, no efficacy result anywhere for an injected amount below 4mg, and no record that anyone measured what these amounts do in the people running them.

Peer-reviewed research and trial records

What does the research show?

The Barth syndrome file, which is the one that carried the approval: TAZPOWER randomized 12 subjects to 40mg a day or placebo for 12 weeks on each side of a 4-week washout (Reid Thompson et al., Genetics in Medicine, 2021). Neither primary endpoint was met. At 36 weeks of the open-label extension the 6-minute walk distance had risen 95.9 meters (p = 0.024) and the symptom score had fallen 2.1 points (p = 0.031).

What 168 weeks of that extension produced: 10 subjects entered it and 8 reached week 168 on 40mg subcutaneously daily, with a cumulative 96.1 meter gain in walk distance (P = .003) and injection-site reactions as the predominant adverse event (Thompson et al., Genetics in Medicine, 2024).

The largest trial, and it failed: MMPOWER-3 randomized 218 adults with genetically confirmed primary mitochondrial myopathy 1 to 1 to 40mg a day subcutaneously or placebo for 24 weeks. The difference in walk distance was -3.2 meters (95% CI -18.7 to 12.3; p = 0.69), and on the fatigue score it was -0.07 (p = 0.37). The paper classifies that as Class I evidence that elamipretide does not improve either measure.

The heart and the eye read the same way: PROGRESS-HF gave 4mg or 40mg daily for 28 days to 71 people with reduced ejection fraction and moved left ventricular end-systolic volume no further than placebo. ReCLAIM-2 gave 40mg daily for 48 weeks to 176 randomized patients with geographic atrophy and missed both primary endpoints, while reporting a 43 percent reduction in progression of complete ellipsoid zone loss on a nominal p value of 0.0034.

The one healthy-aging readout that exists: 39 adults aged 60 to 85 were randomized, 19 to a single two-hour infusion at 0.25mg per kilogram per hour and 20 to placebo, and in vivo mitochondrial capacity rose in the drug group against placebo immediately afterwards, a mean 27% increase from baseline against 12%. The percentage change in ATPmax reached P = 0.045, the absolute change in it P = 0.055. No difference remained at day 7, and fatigue resistance did not move (Roshanravan et al., PLoS One, 2021).

What that adds up to: one accelerated approval in a single genetic disease, one positive open-label extension in eight patients, and a run of controlled trials in larger populations that did not separate from placebo on their primary endpoints.

mg, the only amount the approved label specifies, subcutaneously once daily

mg per mL, the strength of the approved solution, which arrives ready to use

218

adults randomized in the largest completed trial, which missed both primary endpoints

168

weeks of daily injection in the Barth syndrome extension behind the approval

amino acids in the peptide, per the sequence printed in the label

80x

the distance from the labeled 40mg to the 500mcg the ranking protocol page posts

FORZINITY prescribing information, sections 1, 2.1, 3 and 11, read from the DailyMed structured product label on 2 August 2026; Karaa et al., Neurology 2023; Thompson et al., Genet Med 2024. The final figure is the ratio of those two amounts, and only the first of them has a document behind it.

Where does the 500mcg SS-31 figure come from?

Not from any source at the bottom of this page: the smallest injected amount named anywhere in them is the 2mg floor of the exposure range in section 12.3 of the label, which is a pharmacokinetic range rather than a tested effect. The smallest injected amount ever measured against an outcome is the 4mg arm of one 28-day heart failure trial, eight times the posted community figure.

What the published record contains

Two subcutaneous numbers, both from disease trials: 40mg once daily nearly everywhere, and a 4mg arm in a single heart failure study that did not separate from placebo.

What it does not contain: any amount tested for effect in healthy people, and any outcome measured for an injected amount under 4mg.

What the protocol pages show

The move, described mechanically: the trial amount is quoted correctly at 40mg, then set aside, and a far smaller figure is introduced for longevity use with reasoning rather than a citation behind it.

The reconstitution that follows it: a 10mg vial in 2mL of water, a mix under which the posted amount happens to land on a round unit count.

No figure on this page is offered as yours, and the two figures in play differ by a factor of eighty.

What that gap is and is not: 40mg against 500mcg is not a rounding disagreement and not a units slip between milligrams and micrograms. It is two different claims about what the compound does, and only one of them has been through a controlled trial at the amount it names.

Does SS-31 need reconstitution?

The approved product does not: section 3 of the label describes an injection of 280mg in 3.5mL, which works out at 80mg per mL, supplied as a sterile aqueous solution in single-patient-use vials. Section 11 calls it ready to use and records that each 0.5mL dose holds 40mg of elamipretide alongside 10mg of benzyl alcohol as a preservative.

Which means the water tables online describe something else: a freeze-dried research vial rather than the approved solution. What a lyophilized peptide is covers why that powder exists and what the drying step does and does not settle about the contents.

The label's own storage line: section 16.2 holds vials at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, permits an opened vial at room temperature between 20 and 25 degrees, and discards it 8 days after first opening.

Reconstitution arithmetic, six research mixes and the approved solution, on a U-100 syringe

Vial	Water added	Concentration	1 unit equals	500mcg reads as
10mg	1mL	10mg per mL	0.1mg (100mcg)	5 units
10mg	2mL	5mg per mL	0.05mg (50mcg)	10 units
10mg	3mL	3.33mg per mL	0.033mg (33.3mcg)	15 units
20mg	2mL	10mg per mL	0.1mg (100mcg)	5 units
50mg	2mL	25mg per mL	0.25mg (250mcg)	2 units
50mg	5mL	10mg per mL	0.1mg (100mcg)	5 units
280mg, the approved solution	None, supplied in 3.5mL	80mg per mL	0.8mg (800mcg)	0.625 units

Source: division on the first two columns for the six research rows, and section 3 of the FORZINITY label for the final row, where the strength is the one printed on the carton rather than a mix. One unit on a U-100 syringe is a hundredth of a milliliter, which is the one input here that no vial and no water volume changes. No row is a recommended amount and no source tested any of them in a healthy person.

Why the last row matters more than the six above it: at 80mg per mL the labeled 40mg is 0.5mL, which reads as 50 units on a U-100 barrel. The same 40mg pulled from a 10mg vial in 2mL would be 8mL, eight full 1mL barrels of liquid. The approved presentation is concentrated because the approved amount is large.

The general form of the division: vial milligrams over water milliliters gives the concentration, and the amount over that concentration gives the volume. Concentration versus dose works it through for any vial, and the reconstitution calculator runs it without the longhand.

How many units is 500mcg of SS-31?

Three ordinary mixes, three different answers: from a 10mg vial in 2mL, 500mcg is 10 units on a U-100 syringe. The same vial in 1mL puts it on 5 units. A 50mg vial in 2mL puts it on 2 units.

Why the question has no answer without the mix: the amount is a mass and the syringe measures a volume, so the number joining them is the concentration, and the concentration was fixed by whoever chose the water. A unit is a volume, not a dose is the whole of that idea.

The barrel scale sits on top of that, not instead of it: every count above is a U-100 count. Pulled on the other scale in circulation, the same unit number carries two and a half times the volume, and that multiplier applies after whichever row of the table above is in play. The two scales have their own page.

The labeled amount on the labeled product, for comparison: 40mg out of an 80mg per mL solution is 0.5mL, or 50 units on a U-100 barrel, and the 20mg renal-impairment figure is 0.25mL, or 25 units. Both are printed strengths rather than mixes, so neither one moves.

What is not known yet about SS-31?

Approved, but for one genetic disease and on a provisional basis: the approval of 19 September 2025 covers Barth syndrome and nothing else, and the confirmatory trial that accelerated approval calls for only began recruiting in July 2026, with 48 subjects planned and a primary completion date in 2029.

No healthy-population dosing study has reported: a phase 2a open-label pilot of daily subcutaneous elamipretide in adults aged 65 to 80 began recruiting in November 2025 with 30 subjects planned and four weeks of injections. Its registry record publishes the vial strength and no milligram amount.

Outside Barth syndrome the efficacy record is mostly negative: the myopathy phase 3, the heart failure phase 2 and the geographic atrophy phase 2 all missed their primary endpoints on the same 40mg daily schedule. A phase 3 in dry macular degeneration, ReNEW, randomized 313 subjects 2 to 1 to 40mg daily or placebo for 96 weeks, so roughly 209 of them are on drug, and it is not due to complete before 2027.

Three holes, and none of them is small:

No dose-ranging study in healthy adults. The label puts the studied exposure range at 2 to 80mg, but the only injected amounts ever measured against an outcome are 4mg and 40mg.
No long-term data outside Barth syndrome. The 168-week record belongs to eight people with one genetic disease.
No evidence for the community amounts. Neither 500mcg nor 1mg a day appears in any trial in the list below.

One gap sits underneath the other three: the approved product is a solution whose strength is printed on a label FDA reviewed, and a research vial is a powder whose number was printed by whoever filled it.

Every unit count on this page assumes the vial holds what the vial says, and on the second kind of vial nothing independent checks that.

How this page is sourced

Read off the label and the papers themselves: every figure on this page was taken from the document cited beside it, never from another site's summary of that document.

Thirteen sources, one of them an approved drug label: ten peer-reviewed papers, one structured product label, one regulator trial snapshot, and four registry records grouped into a single entry. Open them yourself: every figure printed above is meant to be checkable against the document it came from.

What we could not settle: the two recruiting studies publish a vial strength and no milligram amount, so this page reports them that way rather than assuming they run at the labeled figure. The community amounts carry no document at all, which is why they sit in their own section and never in the trial rows.

Where the rules behind that live: how we pick a source, and what has to be true before a figure is printed at all, is set out on the methodology page. Corrections are logged there before they reach a page like this one.

Last reviewed: 2 August 2026.

1
FORZINITY (elamipretide hydrochloride) injection, for subcutaneous use. Prescribing information, Stealth Biotherapeutics Inc. Sections 1 (indication and accelerated approval), 2.1 and 2.2 (recommended dosage and renal adjustment), 2.3 (administration), 3 (280 mg/3.5 mL, 80 mg/mL), 5.1 (benzyl alcohol), 6.1 (adverse reactions), 11 (sequence and 0.5 mL dose composition), 12.1 (cardiolipin binder), 12.3 (exposure range and bioavailability) and 16.2 (storage). Structured product label read from the DailyMed v2 API on 2 August 2026, HTTP 200. DailyMed set id 146bf34c-76f2-48db-ac07-fb29cce2cd75.
2
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Drug Trials Snapshots: FORZINITY. Source for the approval date of 19 September 2025, the once-daily subcutaneous administration and the 12-patient single-site trial population. Retrieved 2 August 2026, HTTP 200. fda.gov snapshot.
3
Reid Thompson W, Hornby B, Manuel R, et al. A phase 2/3 randomized clinical trial followed by an open-label extension to evaluate the effectiveness of elamipretide in Barth syndrome, a genetic disorder of mitochondrial cardiolipin metabolism. Genet Med. 2021;23(3):471-478. doi:10.1038/s41436-020-01006-8. PMID 33077895.
4
Thompson WR, Manuel R, Abbruscato A, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of elamipretide in patients with Barth syndrome: 168-week open-label extension results of TAZPOWER. Genet Med. 2024;26(7):101138. doi:10.1016/j.gim.2024.101138. PMID 38602181.
5
Karaa A, Bertini E, Carelli V, et al. Efficacy and safety of elamipretide in individuals with primary mitochondrial myopathy: the MMPOWER-3 randomized clinical trial. Neurology. 2023;101(3):e238-e252. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000207402. PMID 37268435.
6
Karaa A, Haas R, Goldstein A, Vockley J, Cohen BH. A randomized crossover trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020;11(4):909-918. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12559. PMID 32096613.
7
Karaa A, Haas R, Goldstein A, Vockley J, Weaver WD, Cohen BH. Randomized dose-escalation trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy. Neurology. 2018;90(14):e1212-e1221. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000005255. PMID 29500292.
8
Butler J, Khan MS, Anker SD, et al. Effects of elamipretide on left ventricular function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the PROGRESS-HF phase 2 trial. J Card Fail. 2020;26(5):429-437. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.02.001. PMID 32068002.
9
Mettu PS, Allingham MJ, Cousins SW. Phase 1 clinical trial of elamipretide in dry age-related macular degeneration and noncentral geographic atrophy: ReCLAIM NCGA study. Ophthalmol Sci. 2022;2(1):100086. doi:10.1016/j.xops.2021.100086. PMID 36246181.
10
Ehlers JP, Hu A, Boyer D, et al. ReCLAIM-2: a randomized phase II clinical trial evaluating elamipretide in age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy growth, visual function, and ellipsoid zone preservation. Ophthalmol Sci. 2025;5(1):100628. doi:10.1016/j.xops.2024.100628. PMID 39605874.
11
Roshanravan B, Liu SZ, Ali AS, et al. In vivo mitochondrial ATP production is improved in older adult skeletal muscle after a single dose of elamipretide in a randomized trial. PLoS One. 2021;16(7):e0253849. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253849. PMID 34264994.
12
Pharaoh G, Kamat V, Kannan S, et al. The mitochondrially targeted peptide elamipretide (SS-31) improves ADP sensitivity in aged mitochondria by increasing uptake through the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). GeroScience. 2023;45(6):3529-3548. Cited for the title's own pairing of the two names for one molecule. doi:10.1007/s11357-023-00861-y. PMID 37462785.
13
ClinicalTrials.gov registry records, all read 2 August 2026. NCT07275424, the phase 2a open-label pilot of daily subcutaneous elamipretide in older adults, recruiting, 30 planned, no milligram value published. NCT07531251, the SPIBA-401 post-marketing confirmatory trial in Barth syndrome, recruiting from 2 July 2026, 48 planned, primary completion estimated 2029. NCT06373731, the ReNEW phase 3 in dry macular degeneration, 313 enrolled and randomized 2 to 1 to 40mg subcutaneously daily or placebo for 96 weeks, active and not recruiting. NCT02367014, completed, whose title reads "Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of MTP-131 for the Treatment of Mitochondrial Myopathy", cited for the older name and for the posted participant flow showing 9 subjects started in each of the low, intermediate, high and placebo arms.

The disclaimer

Every page is reviewed by medical professionals before it ships, and written with longtime biohackers who were doing this before it was a trend. Reviewed still does not mean prescribed: nothing here is medical advice.

It is research, trial data, and reported use, with the numbers intact so you can check them. For decisions about your body, see a doctor who can look at your labs.